Illegal vs. undocumented

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Highlights from today’s AirTalk: Illegal, undocumented, or unauthorized?

Photo by Leslie Berestein Rojas/KPCC

A student activist's t-shirt, December 2010

Today’s AirTalk with Larry Mantle on KPCC took on the debate (here’s the audio) over what to call immigrants who live and work in the United States without permission. I provided some background while Larry fielded calls from listeners with their take on whether the correct term should be “illegal,” “undocumented,” or “unauthorized.”

It’s a debate that has existed in newsrooms for years, but has heated up recently. The Associated Press continues to use “illegal immigrant,” clarifying earlier this month in its updated stylebook that while the AP doesn’t condone the use of “illegal aliens,” “illegals” or “an illegal,” neither does it sanction the use of ”undocumented.”

The AP Stylebook is used as a guide by most mainstream media. But professional organizations like the Society of Professional Journalists and the National Association of Hispanic Journalists have taken a position on the terms, eschewing “illegal” in favor of “undocumented.” And the social-justice advocacy magazine ColorLines, which last year launched a “Drop the I-Word” campaign aimed at media, recently urged readers to contact the AP and suggest that “illegal immigrant” be dropped for the 2012 edition of the stylebook.

The AirTalk segment drew quite a few calls from listeners, including some who sided with the thinking that calling a person “illegal” is demeaning and who considered “undocumented” more appropriate. Others said they preferred what’s deemed a more politically neutral alternative, “unauthorized.” Others still said they don’t see a problem with “illegal” if being in the U.S. without permission is against the law.

In the hours since the segment aired, more than 150 comments have been posted on the AirTalk segment page on KPCC’s website. Here are just a few:

Ali Alexander wrote:

Illegal aliens are not “undocumented”.  Unfortunately, many of them HAVE documents–just not their own, but ones stolen or counterfeited.  Moreover, as advocates for illegal aliens like to point out, illegal immigration is a CIVIL matter with no guilt or innocence involved.  It is in fact up to the alien to prove that he has a right to be here, not up to the government to show he doesn’t.
Art wrote:
simply:  not  having a piece of paper does not make anyone an illegal…were I to chose not to get an I.D. it would not make me an illegal human…just simply undocumented one.

The ‘illegal’ vs. ‘undocumented’ debate – what should it be?

Photo by Leslie Berestein Rojas/KPCC

A student activist's t-shirt, December 2010

The debate over the use of “illegal” in the media as a way to refer to immigrants living and working in the United States without legal authorization continues, most recently in the form of a direct appeal to the news organization whose style on the term is followed by most mainstream media.

In a recent style update, the Associated Press clarified that it did not sanction the use of “undocumented,” which is frequently used. The AP clarified that it did not use “illegal alien,” “an illegal,” “illegals” or “undocumented,” but that “living in the country without permission” was an acceptable variation.

In response, the magazine ColorLines, published by the social justice think tank the Applied Research Center, had a petition going last week to urge readers to contact the AP directly as the news organization sought input for its 2012 AP Stylebook. ColorLines, which last year launched a “Drop the I-Word” campaign, listed these as suggested terms on its petition:

    • Immigrant
    • Undocumented immigrant
    • Unauthorized immigrant
    • Immigrant without papers
    • Immigrants entering without inspection
    • Immigrant seeking status
    • Citizen child of undocumented immigrants
    • It is acceptable to use migrant or foreign national; when possible use a specific reference to nationality (e.g.: Briton, Cambodian, Canadian, Jamaican, Mexican, Pakistani).

Some professional journalists’ groups favor “undocumented,” including the National Association of Hispanic Journalists and also the Society of Professional Journalists, which adopted a resolution in September recommending that newsrooms abandon use of “illegal immigrant” and “illegal alien.”

But there are many who object to “undocumented.” In a post last year on this site, UCLA Chicano Studies professor and author Otto Santa Ana explained his objection to “undocumented,” arguing the proper term should be “unauthorized,” which he deemed more neutral. From the post:

He explained: ”When you say ‘illegal immigrant,’ you are labeling the individual as inherently bad. You do not call a pedestrian who jaywalks an illegal pedestrian. The kid who plays hooky is not an illegal student.

On the other hand, to call someone ‘undocumented’ softpedals the serious issue of crossing the border without documents. It is a euphemism…It is perfectly appropriate for partisans to take on a position or another, but not for the media to characterize immigrants as illegal or undocumented.”

Feedback, anyone? What should the correct term be?